Growth and Production of Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. Saccharata Strut.) at Various Doses of NPK 16-16-16 Fertilizer

Astryani Rosyad; Erik Mulyana; Hafith Furqoni; Suwarto Suwarto; Adrian Khairullah; Annas Sofian

doi:10.62951/mikroba.v3i1.551

Authors

Astryani Rosyad IPB University
Erik Mulyana IPB University
Hafith Furqoni IPB University
Suwarto Suwarto IPB University
Adrian Khairullah IPB University
Annas Sofian IPB University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62951/mikroba.v3i1.551

Keywords:

Horticulture, Nutrient Management, Productivity, Relative Agronomic Efficiency, Yield

Abstract

Sweet corn is a high-value horticultural crop with steadily increasing demand for both fresh consumption and use as a raw material in the food industry. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of NPK 16-16-16 fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The research was conducted at Sindangbarang Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University from July to October 2025. This experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a single factor, namely the dose of fertilizer application. Treatments were using fertilizer dosages of 0, 50, 0,75, 1,00, and 1,50 NPK 16-16-16, with a control treatment for comparison. During the vegetative phase, sweet corn exhibited similar growth responses across all fertilization levels relative to the control. However, all fertilizer doses significantly improved stover weight, cob weight with and without husk, cob length, cob diameter, yield per plot, and overall productivity compared to the control. The application of NPK 16-16-16 fertilizer at the recommended (1.0) rate achieved the highest relative agronomic effectiveness (103.11%), corresponding to a 1.03-fold yield increase over the control and outperforming the comparison treatment. Application of NPK 16-16-16 at the 1.0 recommended dose is suggested as the most efficient fertilization strategy for sweet corn production, as it maximizes yield and productivity without unnecessary increases in fertilizer input.

References

Agustine, L., Ramadhan, R. A. M., Manurung, R. 2022. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik, anorganik dan pupuk campuran terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Technopreneur (JTech), 10(2), 1-4.

Amir, N., Marlina, N., Palmasari, B., Aluyah, C., Aminah, I. S., Rompas, J. P., & Rohman, N. (2022). Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata sturt L.) terhadap pupuk organik cair asal limbah buahan dan npk di lahan kering. Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal, 5(3), 498-503. https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v5i3.1027.

Balai Penelitian Tanah. (2023). Petunjuk Teknis Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk Edisi 3. Bogor: Balittanah.

El-Syed, N. M. M., Helmy, A. M., Fouda, S. E. E., Nabil, M., Abdullah, T. A., Alhag, S. K., & Elrys, A. S. (2023). Biochar with organic and inorganic fertilizers improves defenses, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield of maize plants subjected to water deficit in an alkaline soil. Sustainability, 15(16), 12223. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612223

Fauziah, L., Anggraeni, L., Latifah, E., Istiqomah, N., & Khamidah, A. (2023). Increased yield and quality of corn by inorganic fertilizers and utilization of corn as food to support food security. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1253(1), 012129. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1253/1/012129.

Harahap, E. J. (2024). Nutrients and growing media effect on growth and physiological traits of pak choi plants (Brassica rapa L.). SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 56(2), 652-659. https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2024.56.2.17

Mackay AD, Syers JK, Gregg PEH. 1984. Ability of chemical extraction procedures to assess the agronomic effectiveness of phosphate rock materials. Journal of Agricultural Research. 27(2): 219-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1984.10430424.

Maswar, M. & Soelaeman, Y. (2016). Effects of organic and chemical fertilizer inputs on biomass production and carbon dynamics in a maize farming on ultisols. Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Science, 38(2). https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v38i2.594.

Mattjik AA, Sumertajaya IM. 2002. Perancangan Percobaan dengan Aplikasi SAS dan MINITAB. 2nd Ed. Bogor: IPB Pr.

Moore, S. A., Wells, M. S., Gesch, R. W., Becker, R. L., Rosen, C. J., & Wilson, M. L. (2020). Pennycress as a cash cover-crop: improving the sustainability of sweet corn production systems. Agronomy, 10(5), 614. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050614

Mulyana, E., Rosyad, A., Furqoni, H., Khairullah, A., Annas, S., & Suwarto. (2025). Growth and production of sweet corn at various doses of micro inorganic fertilizers. Buletin Agrohorti, 13(2), 88–97.https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v13i2.64456

Musa, Y., Bdr, M., Iswoyo, H., Adzima, A., M, N., & Larasati, A. (2023). Growth and production of several corn varieties at various NPK fertilizer dosages. Agrotech Journal, 7(2): 121-127. https://doi.org/10.31327/atj.v7i2.1875

Mutaqin, Z., Saputra, H., Ahyuni, D. (2019). Respons pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung manis terhadap pemberian pupuk kalium dan arang sekam. J Planta Simbiosa, 1(1): 39-50.

Nindita, A., Ikhsan, L., & Suwarto, S. (2024). Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays var. saccharata sturt.) pada berbagai dosis pupuk majemuk npk+mg (8-9-39+3). Buletin Agrohorti, 12(2), 236-245. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v12i2.56677.

Nuraini, Y. and Aqila, M. (2020). Peran trichokompos dan pupuk NPK 16-16-16 terhadap serapan dan residu hara n dan p, serta hasil jagung ketan (Zea mays ceratina). Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 7(1), 93-100. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2020.007.1.12.

Nurcahyo, R. D., Pribadi, D. U., & Koentjoro, Y. (2023). Kajian dosis pupuk majemuk npk 16-16-16 dan ketebalan mulsa jerami terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata L.) pada sistem tanpa olah tanah (TOT). Jurnal Agrotech, 13(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.31970/agrotech.v13i1.102

Prasad, R. and Hochmuth, G. (2016). Environmental nitrogen losses from commercial crop production systems in the suwannee river basin of florida. Plos One, 11(12), e0167558. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167558

Purba, R., Irwan, S., & Putra, E. (2019). The effect of spent bleaching earth filler-based npk fertilization on proline, growth and yield of maize. Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 35(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i1.34166.

Ramadhan, N. (2023). Growth and production of two job’s tears cultivars (Coix lacrima jobi-L.) at various doses of npk compound fertilizer (16:16:16). Aijans, 4(01), 61-67. https://doi.org/10.25077/aijans.v4.i01.61-67.2023.

Saputra, R., & Muliawan, A. (2023). Pengaruh Pupuk NPK 16-16-16 Mutiara dan EM4 (Effective Microorganisms4) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Varietas Tanaman Buah. Jurnal Greenation Pertanian dan Perkebunan, 1(2), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.38035/jgpp.v1i2.136

Sebetha, E. and Mashele, L. V. (2019). The growth performance of sweet corn under the influence of animal manure, NPL and soil type. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 53(6): 718-722. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-425.